The convergence is laid down in doctrine such as the US FM 3-12 (Cyberspace Operations and Electromagnetic Warfare) and in the wider EMSO framework (Doctrine & EMSO). Operationally this produces the CEMA cell: a single staff element that plans and deconflicts cyber and EW effects together.
The biggest challenges are organisational: cyber and EW have traditionally been separate communities, with their own authorities and legal frameworks, plus the need for deconfliction (Doctrine & EMSO) and attribution. CEMA is therefore as much a matter of cooperation as of technology.
In practice CEMA is growing into units and systems of its own. With the 11th Cyber Battalion the US Army has a battalion with expeditionary CEMA teams that reinforce units in the field, and with the Terrestrial Layer System it is developing a vehicle that combines SIGINT, EW and cyber; by now in separate SIGINT and EW variants. Within NATO, alongside the EW doctrine (AJP-3.6), there are separate publications for cyberspace operations (AJP-3.20) and for EMSO (Doctrine & EMSO). In the Netherlands, military cyber operations fall under the Defence Cyber Command.
CEMA is the logical extension of the doctrine chapter (Doctrine & EMSO): where EMSO establishes the spectrum as a domain, CEMA links it to the cyber domain. For the EW specialist it makes two things already covered in this course — cognitive EW (New concepts in EW) and drone takeover (Counter-UAS & drone EW) — explicit parts of one combined cyber-EM effort.